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Creator (Definite): John W. PattonDate: May 1932
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CitesB.B. Roseboom and J.W. Patton, 'Starch Digestion in the Dog', Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 74 (5) (1929), pp. 768-772.
Description:
‘The writer and associates have been interested in a study of commercial dog foods for several years. Our original efforts were confined to clarification of the age-old question as to the ability of dogs to utilize starch. We could see no physiological reason why dogs should not be able to digest starch. However, in the absence of scientific proof and because of the importance of the subject it was necessary that we establish the facts. The dog is an efficient converter of starch, even of raw, laundry starch. This we have demonstrated to our own satisfaction [note: ‘Roseboom, B.B. and J.W. Patton.; Jour. Am. Vet. Med. Assn., April 1929, pp. 768-772.; Ibid; American Journal Physiology (In Press).’].
In the course of these studies we had observed that commercial dog foods varied considerably in their nitrogenous constituents. This led the writer to a study of what was being offered in commercial dog foods.’ (204)
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CitesEdward Mellanby
Description:
[NB: citation of article not identified in BMJ]
'Interesting experiments in human medicine to determine the effects of vitamine deficiencies in the diet on the teeth are of great importance to veterinarians. Mellenby [sic] [note: ‘Mellanby, E., British Medical Journal, March 21, 1931.’] reports deal with puppies fed a diet deficient in vitamine A leads to hyperplasia of the subgingal epithelium and to its invasion by pathogenic bacteria. A diet lacking in vitamine D leads to a deficiency in alveolar bone and irregularities in dentine. This lack of vitamine A and D in a puppy’s diet leads to periodontal disease at a later stage, regardless of the subsequent diet: whereas a balanced diet during the developmental stages prevents or inhibits this disease at a later stage even if the subsequent diet is lacking in vitamines A and D. The normal development of the hard structures of the teeth is dependent on an adequate supply of vitamine D, whereas the normal development of the periodontal tissues is equally dependent on an adequate supply of vitamine A. The function of A, so far is known, is to maintain the functional integrity of the cells covering the body surface, thereby preventing the successful invasion of microbian organisms.’ (205)
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CitesR. McCarrison, 'Some Surgical Aspects of Faulty Nutrition', The Lancet 217 (5621) (23rd May 1931), pp. 1151-1154.
Description:‘Work is progressing along the following important lines related to nutritional deficiency: (1) The chemistry of the blood; (2) the pathogenicity of the bacterial flora of respiratory, intestinal tract and other areas of the body; (3) the effects of diet on immunological reactions. Progress has been made in elucidating the significance of inorganic blood changes, the relation of alkaline reserve and resistance to infection and to immunological relations. It is hoped that when we are able to correlate the different factors associated with deficient diet that we will be able to exert the maximal influences for correction. [204-205]
Many interesting experiments have been made showing the influence of diet on the well being of man and animals. Those of McCarrison [note: ‘McCarrison, Robert; Lancet, May 23, 1931.’] at Coonoor, India, furnish interesting evidence of the effects of a faulty diet. Thousands of white rats were paired in roomy cages conducive to healthy living and fruitful reproduction. The rats were fed on diets similar to those of the people of India. One group was fed on a diet consisting of whole wheat, unleavened bread, butter, legumes, fresh carrots, a small portion of raw meat with bone once a week and an abundance of water at all times. For two and one-half years there was no trace of illness – no mortality, adult or infant, from natural causes. Microscopic examination at autopsy of 1189 rats so fed failed to show any abnormal condition. It is interesting to note that this is the diet of Northern India, where some of the finest specimens of physical manhood are found.
Another group was fed a diet deficient in certain basic requirements, similar to the ration of other groups of natives, and a high mortality prevailed among both the young and the adult. Postmortem examinations on 2243 rats showed lesions of many forms of disease, such as infection of the lungs, blood, glands, skin, heart, nervous, urinary and endocrine systems.
McCarrison concludes from these experiments that diets rich in cereals and poor in animal fat, milk and fresh vegetables are associated in albino rats with a large group of ailments common to man.’ (204-205)
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Cited byJ.W. Patton, ‘Biological Analysis of Commercial Dog Foods’, Veterinary Medicine 27 (8) (1932), pp. 324-31.
Description:'In a previous article [note: ‘”A Study of Commercial Dog Foods,” Vet. Med., Vol. XXVII, 5, 204.’] attention was called to the chemical analysis of several of the leading brands of dog foods. Attention is now called to their biological value.
Feeding knowledge can be divided into three periods.
1. The chemical period.
2. The energy period.
3. The biological period.
It is in the latter period that we are at present. We are more concerned now with the protein after digestion than the protein as such. We no longer believe that vegetable and animal proteins are of equal value nor that proteins from all animal sources are adequate and equal. We now are concerned more with unseen vitamins, minerals and amino acids than with chemical analysis.
The term “balanced food” is rather loosely used when applied to the average dog food. The requirements for growth and maintenance, particularly maintenance, during gestation and lactation are not adequately met in many of the commercial dog foods which came under the writer’s attention. We can expect little else while the stress is placed on chemical analysis and biological values are ignored. It is pertinent to recall to memory the position diet holds in relation to health and disease. In man or beast its adequacy or deficiency may well be observed from birth to death. It is immutable that a food is no better balanced than its constituents permit and no more adequate than its source.’ (324)
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Cited byT. Quick, 'Puppy Love: Domestic Science, “Women's Work,” and Canine Care,' Journal of British Studies 58 (2) (2019), pp. 289-314.
Description:'The long-standing status of dogs as ideal subjects for nutritional studies of foods intended for human consumption made the boundaries between human and canine dietetics particularly fluid... For example, the description of rickets in Edward Mellanby’s now-classic Medical Research Council report of 1921 emphasized that symptoms in puppies and children were much the same: “As in children, the animal often becomes more lethargic and listless … interest of … the puppy in all its surroundings disappears … and there is a great diminution in its small movements. Often the animal loses its desire to bark, and in this respect resembles a‘good’ child with rickets.”... While Mellanby’s words were of course intended to establish the analogy in the opposite direction (i.e., from puppies to children), theeffect went both ways.' His pronouncements were closely attended to and reported with great respect by writers on canine nutrition. [note: 'For example, Medicus, “Notes for Novices: Milk as Puppy Food,” Our Dogs, no. 83 (17 April 1931): 171; John W. Patton, “A Study in Commercial Dog Foods,” Veterinary Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 1932): 204–9, at 205; A. Green, “Dog Foods and Recent Nutritional Research,” Veterinary Medicine 28, no.12 (December 1933): 506–7.']' (297-298)
