'Much of women’s interest in dogs during the early twentieth century was expressed in terms of the increasingly prominent middle-class culture of feminine consumption and display. This centered on consumer discernment, particularly of luxurious and fashionable goods and services. [note: 'Erika Diane Rappaport, Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London’s West End (Princeton, 2000), especially chap. 1.']' (299)