'Dog breeders had long been aware that a mother bitch’s milk was not always sufficient to raise a litter of puppies, especially when that litter was large. As moral and medical concerns about wet-nursing had not crossed over to dog breeding, nineteenth-century breeders of pedigree dogs would keep another (usually less “well-bred”) bitch on standby in case the valued mother could not provide adequately for her young. [note: 'Medicus, “Notes for Novices: Puppy Management,” Our Dogs, no. 47 (4 June 1920): 847.']' (294-295)