'Somewhat surprisingly given the very long history of canine domestication, recent work by Howell, Katherine Grier, Sarah Amato, Ingrid Tague, and others suggests that the positioning of dogs as participants in family life is a relatively recent phenomenon. [note: 'Howell, At Home and Astray; Sarah Amato, Beastly Possessions: Animals in Victorian Consumer Culture (Toronto, 2015), chap. 2; Ingrid H. Tague, Animal Companions: Pets and Social Change in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Philadelphia, 2015), chap. 3; Laura Brown, Homeless Dogs and Melancholy Apes: Humans and Other Animals in the Modern Literary Imagination (Ithaca, 2010), chap. 3; Katherine C. Grier, Pets in America: A History (Chapel Hill, 2006); Kathleen Kete, The Beast in the Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Berkeley, 1994); Hilda Kean, The Great Cat and Dog Massacre: The Real Story of World War II’s Unknown Tragedy (Chicago, 2017).'].' (p. 289)

'Though discussion of the specific emotional experiences associated with animals at this time is beyond the scope of this article, I... highlight how new conceptions of “women’s work” carried with them long-standing expectations around women’s inherent capacities as (unpaid) affective laborers. [note: 'On the emotional demands placed on women workers at this time, see Lucy Delap, Knowing Their Place: Domestic Service in Twentieth-Century Britain (Oxford, 2011); Christine Grandy, “Paying for Love: Women’s Work and Love in Popular Film in Interwar Britain,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 19, no. 3 (September 2010): 483–507; Selina Todd, “Domestic Service and Class Relations in Britain,1900–1950,” Past and Present 203, no. 1 (May 2009): 181–204; Judy Giles, The Parlour and the Suburb: Domestic Identities, Class, Femininity and Modernity (Oxford, 2004). On pet-keeping and sentimentality during the nineteenth century, see, for example, Kete, The Beast in the Boudoir, chap. 4, and Howell, At Home and Astray, chap. 5.']' (293)

'Much of women’s interest in dogs during the early twentieth century was expressed in terms of the increasingly prominent middle-class culture of feminine consumption and display... Fashion-conscious dog owners were routinely depicted in magazines and the daily press as buyers of dogs as luxury items in the same way as they might consume any other leisure-oriented good. [note: 'Sarah Cheang, “Women, Pets and Imperialism: The British Pekingese Dog and Nostalgia for Old China,” Journal of British Studies 45, no. 2 (April 2006): 359–86, at 373–36; Amato, Beastly Possessions, 43–44; Kete, Beast in the Boudoir, 84–89.']' (299)