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CitesChappel Kennel Foundation (Rockford, IL.)
Description:'Raw meat, sometimes advocated for dogs simply because It was their "natural" food In the wild state, has no greater food value and is [illeg.] harder to digest than meat which is lightly cooked, according to Dr. W.M Clifford, famous British nutritionist. In an exhaustive series of tests Dr. Clifford proved that cooking at the level of a "rare" roast destroys the anti-enzyinic compounds in the meat, while no food value is lost to cause the hardening effect of [illeg.] proteins has hardly come into play. The experiments have aroused wide attention, the Journal of the American Medical Association declaring that "now the raw meat propaganda is meeting with experimental rebuff." "This, coming from an authentic source, ought to impress veterinarians who think raw meat is the perfect food for the dog," comments the North American Veterinarian. "There is too much difference of opinion regarding the feeding of dogs, and some of the opinions entertained are not founded on fact." "All dog-lovers will welcome this new light science has shed on a mistaken belief ." declared L.J. Brosemer, director of the Chappel Kennel Foundation, Rockford, Illinois. "It seems to prove beyond question that raw meat is not the best steady diet either for dogs or humans." Changes in food during digestion are caused by mysterious organic compounds called enzymes, which break down the compounds in food, the Chappel Foundation explains. The turning of starches into sugar is a typical example of enzymie action. Raw meat, Dr. Clifford found, contains "anti-enzymes" which directly oppose the digestive process. Heat destroys these properties, so even over-cooked meat is more rapidly digested than raw meat. The sanitary value of cooking meat has long been recognized. All agree that it is one of the greatest safeguards against entry of germs and parasites through the mouth. Tape worm in dogs is almost always contracted from raw meat. "It has been said that because the dog originally was a wild animal, raw meat is his natural diet," says the Chappel Kennel Foundation. "But the dog was domesticated centuries ago, at a time when man himself probably lived chiefly on raw flesh torn from the bones of freshly killed animals. "Science is constantly finding new ways in which the dog's constitution resembles our own. For them, as for us, the ordinary foods are one-sided in composition. One has too much of certain essential 'food elements', and not enough of others. So to get a 'square meal' we have to eat several different articles. "Most people who take an interest in their dog's welfare now buy correctly balanced kennel foods, mixed and canned under government supervision." This is, of course, the safest way, and it is the only way the average person is able to get horse-meat, which is the most perfect meat for dogs. "One meal of a prepared ration in the evening, plus an occasional fresh-meat biscuit or two during the day, and plenty of fresh water, will meet all the dog's dietary requirements for health strength and a well-conditioned coat."
Convalescant Dog "Needs Extra Care"
"Yes, the operation was successful, but unfortunately the patient died." Too often a person on the very threshold of recovery from a dangerous illness will suffer a "relapse" which proves fatal. This is not confined to human beings. It is one of the most frequent and unnecessary causes of death among dogs. The reason Is that a dog's inherent grit and fighting spirit may be mistaken for strength, explains the Chappel Kennel Foundation. He Is permitted to get out and "tear around," wasting what little energy he has, when he should be still confined to rest and quiet, sunshine and simple feeding. Much chronic stomach trouble in canines, especially that which follows distemper, is caused by a too hasty return to heavy diet. In the mistaken belief, that it will enable the patient to recover his strength quickly. The old idea of taking away meat In fever cases, because it was "heating to the blood," has been discredited. Meat Is a natural part of the dog's diet at all times, and contains nitrogen, without which waste tissues cannot be repaired. Horse-meat, because of its soft, easily digested tissue and high nitrogen content, is generally recommended for convalescent dogs and dogs with skin trouble. Tests In the Foundation laboratories at Rockford, Illinois, indicate that the same balanced ration of meat, cereals' and minerals should be given to the dog in convalescence as In health, but In smaller quantities.
Dog Population
There are about 8,000.000 dogs In the United States, or one to every, four families, according to a census recently taken by the Chappel Kennel Foundation.'
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Quotes'Cookery and Digestibility', Journal of the American Medical Association 96 (24) (June 1931), pp. 2038-2039.
Description:'Raw meat, sometimes advocated for dogs simply because It was their "natural" food In the wild state, has no greater food value and is [illeg.] harder to digest than meat which is lightly cooked, according to Dr. W.M Clifford, famous British nutritionist. In an exhaustive series of tests Dr. Clifford proved that cooking at the level of a "rare" roast destroys the anti-enzyinic compounds in the meat, while no food value is lost to cause the hardening effect of [illeg.] proteins has hardly come into play. The experiments have aroused wide attention, the Journal of the American Medical Association declaring that "now the raw meat propaganda is meeting with experimental rebuff."'
Relevant passages from 'Cookery and Digestibility':
'Cookery has become an important feature of the modern dietary regimen. As the application of heat to foods represents an important distinction between thefeeding habits of man and those of animals, one may properly ask for an explanation of the human peculiarity. Indeed, the "back to nature" cults in many instances insist on the preference for raw foods...
... However, there are manysigns of incipient revolt against the widespread prevalence of the use of high temperatures in the processing of foods. This reaction is based in part on the newer knowledge of valuable properties or constituents of foods, notably the vitamins, which are in some instances [2038-2039] subject to deterioration when they are exposed to heat and other destructive environmental conditions. The fear of loss of undescribed essential properties of foods has produced some enthusiasm for raw foods. Probably there is much physiologic wisdom in such an attitude. However, justice demands a balancing of all the reputed advantages and disadvantages of heat cookery in the formulation of final judgments...
Some of the debated questions involve the compara¬tive digestibility of raw and of cooked foods...
And now the raw meat propaganda is meeting with experimental rebuff. Against the bold generalization, like that of Hutchison, [note: 'Hutchison, Robert: Food and Principles of Dietetics, New York, William Wood & Company, p. 396.'] that the digestibility of animal foods is diminished rather than increased by cooking, may be pitted the tests of Clifford [note: 'Clifford, W. M.: The Effect of Cooking on the Digestibility of Meat, Biochem. J. 24:1728, 1930.'] at King's College of Household Science in London. These show that, taking rapidity of hydrolysis as a criterion, meat when raw is in the least digestible condition. The most rapidly digested meat is that which is roasted or grilled until it is just red inside with a moist surface when cut. This point probably coincides with that at which the antienzymic properties of animal tissues are destroyed, while the hardening effect of heat on proteins has hardly come into play. Clifford adds that, if the heating is carried beyond this point and the meat is definitely overcooked, the rate of digestion is slowed but, unless the meat is actually carbonized, it even then appears to be more rapidly digested than raw meat. The least rapidly digested form of cooked meat found in these experiments is an overboiled mince; the most rapidly, an underdone roast. It would therefore seem that, for people with weak digestive powers or for young children, the ideal form in which to administer animal protein is as underdone roast beef minced after cooking. The mince that comes from an ordinary household machine as a moist paste is palatable. Clifford also found that the decrease of digestibility in overcooked meat appears to be due to hardening and drying of the protein since, if underdone roast or grilled meat is rewarmed but not overcooked, its digestion rate is unaltered; but if it is reheated until it is quite overcooked, the rate is slowed. This is in accordance with general opinion among cookery teachers who recommend the rewarming of meat but condemn recooking... whatever their inherent virtues such as richness in sensitive vitamins, digestion of their proteins is not universally enhanced when they happen to be consumed in nature's state.' (2038-2039)
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QuotesL.J. Brosemer
Description:'"All dog-lovers will welcome this new light science has shed on a mistaken belief ." declared L.J. Brosemer, director of the Chappel Kennel Foundation, Rockford, Illinois. "It seems to prove beyond question that raw meat is not the best steady diet either for dogs or humans." Changes in food during digestion are caused by mysterious organic compounds called enzymes, which break down the compounds in food, the Chappel Foundation explains. The turning of starches into sugar is a typical example of enzymie action. Raw meat, Dr. Clifford found, contains "anti-enzymes" which directly oppose the digestive process. Heat destroys these properties, so even over-cooked meat is more rapidly digested than raw meat. The sanitary value of cooking meat has long been recognized. All agree that it is one of the greatest safeguards against entry of germs and parasites through the mouth. Tape worm in dogs is almost always contracted from raw meat. "It has been said that because the dog originally was a wild animal, raw meat is his natural diet," says the Chappel Kennel Foundation. "But the dog was domesticated centuries ago, at a time when man himself probably lived chiefly on raw flesh torn from the bones of freshly killed animals. "Science is constantly finding new ways in which the dog's constitution resembles our own. For them, as for us, the ordinary foods are one-sided in composition. One has too much of certain essential 'food elements', and not enough of others. So to get a 'square meal' we have to eat several different articles. "Most people who take an interest in their dog's welfare now buy correctly balanced kennel foods, mixed and canned under government supervision." This is, of course, the safest way, and it is the only way the average person is able to get horse-meat, which is the most perfect meat for dogs. "One meal of a prepared ration in the evening, plus an occasional fresh-meat biscuit or two during the day, and plenty of fresh water, will meet all the dog's dietary requirements for health strength and a well-conditioned coat."'
