'Creative Evolution identified British physiological psychology as it’s principle object of philosophic concern. In this work Bergson identified such writers as Herbert Spencer and Alexander Bain with what he characterised as a particularly problematic intellectual trend. Spencer and his contemporaries had articulated what they understood as a simultaneously mechanical and philosophic psychology, in which nerves were characterised as the material corollaries of mental states (Young, [1970] 1990, esp. 172-180. See also Daston 1978; Smith 2013, 45-49).'